What is an LED? LED Types, Concepts, Functions, Features, Design and Construction [Full Details]

What is an LED?

What is an LED? (Light Emitting Diode) – Types, Uses, Functions, Features, Design, and Construction of LED [Full Details]: A light emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor device that emits light when an electric current is applied to it. When electrically charged particles (known as electrons and holes) enter a semiconductor material, light is emitted. LEDs are known as solid-state devices because they emit light between solid semiconductor materials.

The term organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) separates this lighting technology from other sources that use incandescent filaments (incandescent halogen and tungsten lamps) and gas discharges (bulbs).

Multi-colored LEDs

In the semiconductor material of the LED, the electrons and holes are transported in an electrical band. The band spacing indicates the intensity of the photons (particles of light) emitted by the LED. Photon energy refers to the wavelength of light that is emitted, usually a color. Different types of walkers and different group locations produce different colors of light.

LEDs are made of semiconductor materials composed of components classified as III-V materials. Examples of III-V materials commonly used in lighting are gallium arsenide (GaAs) and gallium phosphide (GaP). Until the mid-1990s, LEDs had a limited variety of colors, and in some industries, blue and white lights did not exist. Many colors were created thanks to the development of lamps based on gallium nitride (GaN) materials. This led to an increase in demand.
LEDs of different colors for different industries.

LED indicator

Different types of LEDs

1. LED in the hole: (LED type)

These types of LEDs come in many shapes and sizes, with 3mm, 5mm, and 8mm LEDs being the most common. These LEDs are available in various colors like red, blue, yellow, green, white, etc.

2. LED mounting screen: (LED type)

Surface mounts or SMD LEDs are special types of LEDs that can be easily mounted on surfaces such as PCBs and general-purpose boards.SMD LEDs are characterized by body size. For standard LEDs, the most specific SMD LEDs are 3528 and 5050.

3. Dual Color LED: (LED Type)

The next type of LED is a bi-color LED. As the name suggests, it can offer two colors. A bicolor LED has three faces, two anodes, and a common cathode. Colors are created according to the order of the guides.

4. RGB LED: (Type of LED)

RGB LED lights are the most loved and fashionable lighting among enthusiasts. Although computer manufacturing is very popular, RGB LEDs in computer cases, tablets, RAM, etc. An RGB LED is three lights on a chip, and it is possible to display different colors by controlling the output of the RGB LED using a technique called PWM (Pulse Width Modulation).

5. High Power LED: (LED Type)

LEDs with a rated power greater than 1W are called high-power LEDs. This is because conventional LEDs have a power loss of only a few milliwatts. High-power LEDs are very bright and are often used in lamps, car lights, flashlights, etc. High-performance lamps consume energy, so they require methods of cooling and heating. Also, the input power required for these LEDs is very high.

Applications of LEDs

LEDs have many uses, some of which are discussed below.

Candles are used as light fixtures in homes and industries.
Light diodes are used in vehicles such as cars, bicycles, etc.
Nowadays, LED electronic signs have become the standard and are widely used outdoors, such as billboards, billboards, and street signs. For signals and multiple voices to transmit the signals, it is better to use LEDs to reduce power consumption.
LED is used in car lights